{"id":131670,"date":"2022-02-07T11:27:04","date_gmt":"2022-02-07T07:27:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/split.spnews.io\/?p=131670"},"modified":"2022-02-07T12:07:43","modified_gmt":"2022-02-07T08:07:43","slug":"%e1%83%a5%e1%83%90%e1%83%a0-%e1%83%9b%e1%83%98%e1%83%a0%e1%83%98%e1%83%90%e1%83%9c%e1%83%9b%e1%83%90-%e1%83%9b%e1%83%90%e1%83%9b%e1%83%90%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%aa%e1%83%9d%e1%83%aa%e1%83%ae%e1%83%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/split.spnews.io\/ka\/archives\/131670","title":{"rendered":"\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd&#8230; \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 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\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10e3\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II (1720-1798) \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e6\u10da\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 (\u10e4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4), \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 &#8211; \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 (1730-1749), \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 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\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, 1767 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 19 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e7\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea 326 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 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\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4<\/p>\n<p>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0-\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0. 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\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea &#8211; \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>1780 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 2 \u10d8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1 &#8211; &#8220;\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc I-\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d7\u10ee\u10e3\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8&#8221; \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4&#8221;; 1784 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 11 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 &#8220;\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d6\u10d4\u10ed\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10d9 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4&#8221; \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5.<\/p>\n<p>1782 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 12 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 &#8211; \u10e7\u10e3\u10da\u10e3\u10ee\u10e9 \u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e3\u10db\u10e1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0 \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>1783 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 II-\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd \u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 (\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 &#8211; \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4, \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc II) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>1784 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10db\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0. 20 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ea\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da \u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 (1776-1841) \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1: &#8220;\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 1784 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10db \u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 &#8211; \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0-\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10d1\u10dd\u10eb\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7-\u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 1787-1791 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1 (1739-1814), \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8. 1787-1788 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e9\u10e3\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da-\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d0\u10da \u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10db\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da-\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10e6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd \u10db\u10eb\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0-\u10db\u10d0\u10f0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3-\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4. \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d9\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10db \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d9\u10e0\u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8, 1795 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 15 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10df\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e9\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 &#8211; \u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d5\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0-\u10db\u10d0\u10f0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3-\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d5\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10dd.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. 1795 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d9\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4. 1793 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da-\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da-\u10da\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da-\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d0\u10da \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4 \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10d2\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 (1796-1798). \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10db\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10de\u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10ea\u10d9\u10d8 (1761-1815) \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 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\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3, \u10d4.\u10d8. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1, \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e1, \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10e1, \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0. \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3, \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0&#8230; \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d4\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8 \u10eb\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10dc\u10d8&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1800 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 20 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 XII \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 &#8211; \u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10db\u10d0 (\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10de. \u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db 1801 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 14 \u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10de\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4 I-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea &#8220;\u10e1\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc&#8230; \u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2, \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dd\u10d6 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10dc \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1. \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10db\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10dc 250 \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d6\u10e0\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1: \u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1), \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 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\u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d7\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10db \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0 \u10eb\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 &#8211; \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. 1801 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 15 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d4\u10db\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8, \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3 &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10e2-\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd &#8211; \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10db \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4\u10e1 &#8211; \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d1\u10dd\u10eb\u10d0 \u10e7\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da 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\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 (\u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10ef\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8).<\/p>\n<p>\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0. \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10de\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 &#8211; \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10d6-\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10da \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ef\u10d8\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 (1768-1830) \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 &#8220;\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0&#8221; \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d8\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 XII-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1 (\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1) \u10d6\u10d0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8. \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10df\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10dc \u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc 1812 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ee\u10dd \u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d6\u10d4 (\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da-\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8) \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10da I (1789-1830).<\/p>\n<p>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8: \u10e8\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 (\u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 &#8211; \u10e8\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8), \u10d1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ee\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4 \u10d1\u10dd\u10ed\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e7\u10db\u10d0-\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 &#8220;\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d6\u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8&#8221; \u10ee\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd: \u10d1\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8, \u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 (\u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 &#8211; \u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0), \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10ed\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10db\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4, \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0, \u10ea\u10d8\u10ea\u10e5\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 (\u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 &#8211; \u10ea\u10d8\u10ea\u10e5\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8), \u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10ef\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10db\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4, \u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10ef\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8) \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10e4\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8) \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4 \u10db\u10e6\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 1799 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 14 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 (\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8) \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10d5\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d7: &#8220;\u10e5. \u10e6\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10db\u10da\u10dd\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10e6\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1: \u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0-\u10de\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10da\u10d0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8. \u10d2\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1, \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d1\u10dd\u10eb\u10d0. \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10d1\u10dd\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3, \u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd. \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10d4\u10d5, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e5, \u10e4\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10e1\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1. \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 (\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd: &#8220;\u10e5. \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd \u10d7\u10e3\u10e8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc! (\u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8. &#8211; \u10d3.\u10ef.) \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4 \u10db\u10e6\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10d7. \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>1801 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 15 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e7\u10db\u10d0-\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1 &#8211; \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4, \u10de\u10dd\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/p>\n<p>\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 I \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 I-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 1801 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 15 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10db\u10d0, 1812 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10ea\u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10df\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd.<\/p>\n<p>1826 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1: &#8220;\u10e9\u10d0\u10ee\u10e0\u10e3\u10ee\u10d0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8&#8221;, &#8220;\u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10d4\u10de\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3&#8221;, &#8220;\u10e1\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4 \u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3&#8221;, &#8220;\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ee\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4 \u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3&#8221;, &#8220;\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4 \u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3&#8221;, &#8220;\u10d2\u10dd\u10f0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3&#8221;, &#8220;\u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd&#8221;, &#8220;\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10da\u10d0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8&#8221; \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8 \u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10f0\u10d8\u10db \u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10f0\u10d4\u10da\u10db \u10e4\u10dd\u10dc \u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 (1738-1758) \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0 &#8220;\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8&#8221;, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4, &#8220;\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc&#8221;, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea 1818 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8-\u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 &#8211; 1787 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e9\u10e3\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 &#8220;\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1&#8221; \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>1814 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 22 \u10d0\u10de\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 \u10ea\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 (1788-1815), \u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10db\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10de\u10dd\u10d3\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0 \u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 (1755-1819). \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 1831 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>1834 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 15 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1, 67 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8, 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